A new basement floor often means new stairs too. A plank alone does not finish the front edge of a step. For that, you need a stair nose: a long rounded piece that covers the edge and matches your floor. This guide explains what a stair nose does, which kind to pick, and how it is fixed in place.

A stair nose is the trim on the front edge of each step. The FloorBox page for the Versatrim Stair Nose VersaEdge Standard PVC #455 Barn Oak 1" x 2" x 94" explains its job. The nose sticks out a little past the step, so your foot has more room. It makes the stairs safer and protects the step from wear.
A flush stair nose sits level with the planks on the step, so the top looks like one smooth surface. The FloorBox Vinyl Sierra Whistler Flush Stair Nose 94" is made to match the Sierra rigid-core (SPC) vinyl floor. It is 94 in. long, so one piece can cover a wide step.
An overlap stair nose sits over the edge of the step. The M-D PRO Vinyl Overlap Stair Nosing Flagstone #283 2 3/8" x 2 3/8" x 12' has large legs. Its page says this helps cover a damaged edge or a step with an unusually large drop.

Start from the floor you bought. Many floors have a nose made in the same colour:
More options for steps are in Stair Solutions.
Yes, for some laminate floors. The Toucan Laminate Flooring TF60 Series #6003 Stair Board Kit (Tread & Riser) comes with one finished tread (the part you step on) and one finished riser (the upright part). It matches the TF60 laminate in colour #6003. The tread is 47.3 in. wide and 11.8 in. deep, so check your steps before you order.
The nose is glued to the step. The Roberts Stair Nose Adhesive 8600 Nose Bond Acrylic 295 ml is made for wood, laminate and rigid PVC stair nosing. Here is what its page says, in plain words:
Yes. Carpet is soft and quiet on stairs. If you go that way, our guide on how to install carpet shows the steps.